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Disaster management
Disaster management
“Disaster management” means a continuous and
integrated process of planning, organizing, co-ordinating, and implementing
measures which are necessary or expedient for: prevention of danger or threat
of any disaster mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity
or consequence s capacity-building; preparedness to deal with any disaster;
prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; assessing
the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster; evacuation, rescue, and
relief; rehabilitation and reconstruction.
THE
INDIAN SCENARIO
India is a country with diverse hypsographic and
climatological conditions. To visualize our national vulnerability, it is
pertinent to mention that 70% of the cultivated land is prone to droughts, 60%
of the land is prone to earthquakes, 12% to floods, 8% to Cyclones, 85% of the
land area is vulnerable to a number of natural hazard and 22 states are
categorized as multihazardous states. The decade 1990-1999 was declared as
“International decade for National Disaster Reduction” with a main objective to
focus on disaster management planning for prevention, reduction, mitigation,
preparedness, and response to reduce the loss of life and property due to
natural disasters.
All these disaster management phases are inter-linked
and are cyclic – i.e., one phase cannot be effective in isolation of the
others. In other words, the phases before an event – prevention, preparedness,
and mitigation – are as important as response, recovery, and rebuilding. The
Global Thrust: to reduce the impact of disasters the Hyogo Framework for action
2005, priority-3 United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(UNIDSR) ensures the “use knowledge, innovation and education to build a
culture of safety and resilience at all levels. The key activities toward this
goal are (a) information management and exchange, (b) education and training,
(c) research, (d) public awareness.
Education for Disaster Management is a trans-
disciplinary exercise aimed at developing knowledge, skill, and values at all
levels. The Government of India in its X and XI Five year plan document has
emphasized the need to enhance knowledge skills and values to reduce the impact
of disasters. In consonance with the National and International objectives of
integrating DM in curriculum, the Occupational Safety and Health Environment
(OSHE) program was started in 2007 at the Symbiosis International University
(SIU), Pune, as a pioneering venture to address this pressing humanitarian
need. The ambit of this program was enlarged and it was renamed as Integrated
Disaster Management Programme (IDMP) in 2009.
Knowledge management and education can help
communities in hazard-prone areas to gain a better grasp of the ways to cope
with risks. Knowledge and innovation, education, formal and informal are
closely linked to disaster-reduction efforts. Disasters can strike at any time
and it is the magnitude of the related impacts that will reflect the level of
preparedness and “education” of the exposed country and community. It is now
widely agreed that achieving disaster-resilience is essentially a process of
using knowledge and of learning at all levels.
Traditionally, India has been reactive in its approach
toward disasters with precious resources being spent on relief, rehabilitation,
and reconstruction. Of late, there has been a major shift in its approach. The
focus has shifted to pre-disaster aspects, prevention, mitigation, and
preparedness, as it is felt that appropriate mitigation measures can
substantially, if not completely, mitigate the impact of disasters.
In ancient India, disaster management finds a mention
in Kautilyas Arthashastra as a primary duty of the state. The Government of
India, Ministry of Human Resource Development has emphasized the need for
integrating disaster management in the existing education system in India. The
Government of Andhra Pradesh issued orders to incorporate “Disaster Management”
in the Social Sciences Curriculum of junior college and intermediate courses in
the state. This is a step toward the dissemination of knowledge on disasters
among the student community, which would reach throughout the state, both in
rural and urban areas. The Government of Orissa in its resolution dated 4 March
2005 directed the state Education Authorities to “Make Disaster Management a
part of the educational system and curricula.” Education for disaster reduction
cannot be a onetime affair but should be reinforced time and again throughout
one's life.
Objectives Of Integrated Disaster
Management Education Programme:
·
Ensure awareness
on the nature and type of disasters
·
Management of the
three phases of as disaster
·
Designing a
disaster management plan
·
Rescue operations
·
Evacuation drills
·
Accident
prevention and safety measures
·
Environmental laws
rules and audits
·
Occupational
health and occupational diseases
·
Fire Fighting
tutorial and demonstration
·
Handling medical
emergencies
·
Hands on training
cardio-pulmonary-resuscitation
·
Experience in the
conduct of Integrated Disaster
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